The medieval art of recycling

A piece of parchment from a 9th-century manuscript was used as a pastedown (the inner front cover to strengthen the binding) for a later manuscript, St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek St. Gallen, Cod. Sang. 97

For this weekend's rant, I considered the top 3 modes of recycling practised in the Middle Ages. One of the benefits of not having invented plastic is t…